条形图，也称为柱状图条形图，是一种以长方形的长度为变量的统计图表。
条形图可以是水平或垂直的，每个长方形可以有不同的颜色。
R 语言使用 barplot() 函数来创建条形图，格式如下：
barplot(H,xlab,ylab,main, names.arg,col,beside)准备一个向量：
In [2]:
cvd19 = c(83534,2640626,585493)
显示条形图：
In [3]:
barplot(cvd19)
In [4]:
cvd19 = c(83534,2640626,585493)
barplot(cvd19,
main="新冠疫情条形图",
col=c("#ED1C24","#22B14C","#FFC90E"),
names.arg=c("中国","美国","印度"),
family='GB1'
)
In [7]:
library(showtext);
font_add("SyHei", "SourceHanSansSC-Bold.otf");
cvd19 = matrix(
c(83017, 83534, 1794546, 2640626, 190535, 585493),
2, 3
)
Error in check_font_path(regular, "regular"): font file not found for 'regular' type
Traceback:
1. check_font_path(regular, "regular")
2. stop(sprintf("font file not found for '%s' type", type))
3. .handleSimpleError(function (cnd)
. {
. watcher$capture_plot_and_output()
. cnd <- sanitize_call(cnd)
. watcher$push(cnd)
. switch(on_error, continue = invokeRestart("eval_continue"),
. stop = invokeRestart("eval_stop"), error = NULL)
. }, "font file not found for 'regular' type", base::quote(check_font_path(regular,
. "regular")))
设置文件名，输出为 png：
In [8]:
png(file = "runoob-bar-1.png")
加载字体：
In [9]:
showtext_begin();
colnames(cvd19) = c("中国", "美国", "印度")
rownames(cvd19) = c("6月", "7月")
barplot(cvd19, main = "新冠疫情条形图", beside=TRUE, legend=TRUE,
family='SyHei')
Error in `colnames<-`(`*tmp*`, value = c("中国", "美国", "印度")): attempt to set 'colnames' on an object with less than two dimensions
Traceback:
1. stop("attempt to set 'colnames' on an object with less than two dimensions")
2. .handleSimpleError(function (cnd)
. {
. watcher$capture_plot_and_output()
. cnd <- sanitize_call(cnd)
. watcher$push(cnd)
. switch(on_error, continue = invokeRestart("eval_continue"),
. stop = invokeRestart("eval_stop"), error = NULL)
. }, "attempt to set 'colnames' on an object with less than two dimensions",
. base::quote(`colnames<-`(`*tmp*`, value = c("中国", "美国",
. "印度"))))
去掉字体：
In [10]:
showtext_end();
Error in showtext_end(): current device did not turn on showtext
Traceback:
1. .handleSimpleError(function (cnd)
. {
. watcher$capture_plot_and_output()
. cnd <- sanitize_call(cnd)
. watcher$push(cnd)
. switch(on_error, continue = invokeRestart("eval_continue"),
. stop = invokeRestart("eval_stop"), error = NULL)
. }, "current device did not turn on showtext", base::quote(showtext_end()))
In [18]:
library(plotrix)
library(showtext);
font_add("SyHei", "SourceHanSansSC-Bold.otf");
cvd19 = matrix(
c(83017, 83534, 1794546, 2640626, 190535, 585493),
2, 3
)
Error in check_font_path(regular, "regular"): font file not found for 'regular' type
Traceback:
1. check_font_path(regular, "regular")
2. stop(sprintf("font file not found for '%s' type", type))
3. .handleSimpleError(function (cnd)
. {
. watcher$capture_plot_and_output()
. cnd <- sanitize_call(cnd)
. watcher$push(cnd)
. switch(on_error, continue = invokeRestart("eval_continue"),
. stop = invokeRestart("eval_stop"), error = NULL)
. }, "font file not found for 'regular' type", base::quote(check_font_path(regular,
. "regular")))
设置文件名，输出为 png：
In [19]:
png(file = "runoob-bar-2.png")
加载字体：
In [20]:
showtext_begin();
colnames(cvd19) = c("中国", "美国", "印度")
rownames(cvd19) = c("6月", "7月")
barplot(cvd19, main = "新冠疫情条形图", beside=TRUE,
legend=TRUE,col=c("blue","green"), family='SyHei')
Error in `colnames<-`(`*tmp*`, value = c("中国", "美国", "印度")): attempt to set 'colnames' on an object with less than two dimensions
Traceback:
1. stop("attempt to set 'colnames' on an object with less than two dimensions")
2. .handleSimpleError(function (cnd)
. {
. watcher$capture_plot_and_output()
. cnd <- sanitize_call(cnd)
. watcher$push(cnd)
. switch(on_error, continue = invokeRestart("eval_continue"),
. stop = invokeRestart("eval_stop"), error = NULL)
. }, "attempt to set 'colnames' on an object with less than two dimensions",
. base::quote(`colnames<-`(`*tmp*`, value = c("中国", "美国",
. "印度"))))
去掉字体：
In [21]:
showtext_end();
Error in showtext_end(): current device did not turn on showtext
Traceback:
1. .handleSimpleError(function (cnd)
. {
. watcher$capture_plot_and_output()
. cnd <- sanitize_call(cnd)
. watcher$push(cnd)
. switch(on_error, continue = invokeRestart("eval_continue"),
. stop = invokeRestart("eval_stop"), error = NULL)
. }, "current device did not turn on showtext", base::quote(showtext_end()))
In [13]:
library(showtext);
font_add("SyHei", "SourceHanSansSC-Bold.otf");
cvd19 = matrix(
c(83017, 83534, 1794546, 2640626, 190535, 585493),
2, 3
)
Error in check_font_path(regular, "regular"): font file not found for 'regular' type
Traceback:
1. check_font_path(regular, "regular")
2. stop(sprintf("font file not found for '%s' type", type))
3. .handleSimpleError(function (cnd)
. {
. watcher$capture_plot_and_output()
. cnd <- sanitize_call(cnd)
. watcher$push(cnd)
. switch(on_error, continue = invokeRestart("eval_continue"),
. stop = invokeRestart("eval_stop"), error = NULL)
. }, "font file not found for 'regular' type", base::quote(check_font_path(regular,
. "regular")))
设置文件名，输出为 png：
In [14]:
png(file = "runoob-bar-3.png")
加载字体：
In [15]:
showtext_begin();
colnames(cvd19) = c("中国", "美国", "印度")
rownames(cvd19) = c("6月", "7月")
barplot(cvd19, main = "新冠疫情条形图", beside=FALSE,
legend=TRUE,col=c("blue","green"), family='SyHei')
Error in `colnames<-`(`*tmp*`, value = c("中国", "美国", "印度")): attempt to set 'colnames' on an object with less than two dimensions
Traceback:
1. stop("attempt to set 'colnames' on an object with less than two dimensions")
2. .handleSimpleError(function (cnd)
. {
. watcher$capture_plot_and_output()
. cnd <- sanitize_call(cnd)
. watcher$push(cnd)
. switch(on_error, continue = invokeRestart("eval_continue"),
. stop = invokeRestart("eval_stop"), error = NULL)
. }, "attempt to set 'colnames' on an object with less than two dimensions",
. base::quote(`colnames<-`(`*tmp*`, value = c("中国", "美国",
. "印度"))))
去掉字体：
In [16]:
showtext_end();
Error in showtext_end(): current device did not turn on showtext
Traceback:
1. .handleSimpleError(function (cnd)
. {
. watcher$capture_plot_and_output()
. cnd <- sanitize_call(cnd)
. watcher$push(cnd)
. switch(on_error, continue = invokeRestart("eval_continue"),
. stop = invokeRestart("eval_stop"), error = NULL)
. }, "current device did not turn on showtext", base::quote(showtext_end()))
以下代码会在当前程序目录下生存一个 runoob-bar-3.png 文件，如下所示：
